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# Philip D. Izaac Pte Ltd

## Sitemaps
[XML Sitemap](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/sitemap_index.xml): Includes all crawlable and indexable pages.

## Posts
- [Overnight Ortho-K vs. Traditional Contact Lenses: Which Vision Correction Option Is Right for You?](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/overnight-ortho-k-vs-traditional-contact-lenses/): Vision correction techniques come in various forms, including contact lenses that many people wear today. While traditional contact lenses continue to see widespread use, thanks to their various aesthetic enhancements, the recent rise in interest in orthokeratology (or ortho-K) has also brought about a growing trend in ortho-K lens use for vision correction. Which of the two would be the right fit for you?
- [How to Read Your Eye Prescription](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/how-to-read-your-eye-prescription/): Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is when someone can see objects near them but struggle with those that are further away.
- [How can you slow down the progression of myopia in children?](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/how-can-you-slow-down-the-progression-of-myopia-in-children/): Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is when someone can see objects near them but struggle with those that are further away.
- [Ortho-K Lenses 101: Everything You Need to Know](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/what-is-orthokeratology/): Ortho-K allows peripheral light rays to focus in front of the retina. When peripheral light rays ends up infront of the retina, it prevents the eye from further elongating. Standard ortho-K lenses have demonstrated a myopia control effect of around 60% as compared to a standard single vision eye glasses.
- [What You Can Expect After Wearing Overnight Ortho-K Contact Lenses](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/what-you-can-expect-after-wearing-overnight-ortho-k-contact-lenses/): Orthokeratology (or ortho-K) uses specifically designed gas-permeable contact lenses tailored to your eyes to help provide vision correction (including myopia) by wearing them overnight while you sleep. If you have been wearing eyeglasses or traditional contact lenses for some time and are curious to try ortho-K, here is a handy article outlining what you can expect.
- [How Can Ortho-K Help Improve Astigmatism?](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/ortho-k-treatment-for-astigmatism/): Astigmatism is a common eye condition that can be treated with the support of a qualified optometrist who will provide prompt and accurate care for correcting your vision. Here is how orthokeratology (or ortho-K) can help treat your astigmatism.
- [A Guide To Finding The Best Optometrist in Singapore](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/a-guide-to-finding-the-right-optometrist-in-singapore/): Are you seeking the right optometrist in Singapore for all your optical care needs? This convenient guide can help!
- [How to Properly Clean and Store Your Ortho-K Lenses?](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/ortho-k-lenses-cleaning/): Maintaining your orthokeratology lenses helps keep them clean and prevents unpleasant vision issues later on. If you need a reminder to keep your lenses clean, our handy guide has you covered.
- [How Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) Can Help Adults and Kids that has Myopia](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/how-orthokeratology-ortho-k-can-help-adults-and-kids-that-has-myopia/): Orthokeratology (or ortho-K) is one of the many ways to help correct and control myopia. Various studies have found that it is highly effective at slowing myopia progression in children as young as six years old. We will discuss how ortho-K works and how it can correct myopia in children and adults.
- [5 Essential Tests for Binocular Vision Assessment](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/5-tests-for-binocular-vision-assessment/): Binocular Vision Assessment Binocular vision assessment involves evaluating how both eyes work together to provide a seamless visual experience.
- [Glaucoma Management in Singapore: Understanding, Causes, and Management](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/glaucoma/): Glaucoma is a prevalent eye condition that affects numerous individuals in Singapore.
- [What is Conjunctivitis and is it Dangerous?](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/what-is-conjunctivitis-and-is-it-dangerous/): Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is what happens when your conjunctiva is infected. Adding on, it also serves as a layer of protection.
- [What’s the difference between Nearsighted vs Farsighted?](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/whats-the-difference-between-nearsighted-vs-farsighted/): Nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism are common causes of problems that affect vision.
- [What is Retinal Detachment?](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/what-is-retinal-detachment/): This is a condition where your retina is pulled away, or detaches, from its position at the back of your eye.
- [What do you need to know about Cataracts?](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/what-do-you-need-to-know-about-cataracts/): When the natural lens of your eyes becomes clouded, it’s called cataracts. This happens when proteins in the lens break down and this will cause you to have a blurry, or hazy vision.
- [What are Eye Floaters?](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/what-are-eye-floaters/): As your eyes move, you may notice spots or shadows in your field of vision. They’re small and most noticeable when staring at a bright background, such as a white sheet of paper. Getting a closer look at them can be challenging, as they will dart away as you try to look at them directly. They can appear in different shapes, such as tiny dots, thin lines, and may also resemble cobwebs.
- [Topography](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/topography-information/): The Topograph is today an indispensable tool in any Hi Tech Eye Clinic, dealing with state-of-the-art customized contact lens design. It provides useful data of the shape and form of the corneal surface, including the presence of optical distortions.
- [Refraction](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/refraction-information/): The term refraction means to bend light. Your optometrist will use several methods to bend or change the direction of light coming from a distant object, to focus accurately on the retina by introducing different lenses before your eyes. When this is achieved, vision will be clearest. This results in the prescription for your spectacles or contact lenses. Refraction can only be accurate if the letter chart is at least 6 meters or 20 feet away from the patient. Any shorter, and the accuracy drops. To save space, most practitioners will use a mirror to double the distance.
- [Diabetic Screening](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/diabetic-screening-information/): What is Diabetic Retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the world. If you are suffering from diabetes, it is important that your blood sugar level is controlled. You should also have a dilated eye exam by an ophthalmologist at least once a year.
- [Visual Field Analysis](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/visual-field-analysis-information/): Visual Field testing is an important diagnostic tool in the assessment of the eye’s visual fields. A normal visual field as measured from the central fixation point is 90 degrees temporally, 50 degrees nasally, 50 degrees superiorly and 60 degrees inferiorly. Many eye conditions can cause a narrowing of the field of vision, examples are Retinitis Pigmentosa, Glaucoma, etc. Other conditions for example Macular degeneration will only affect central vision. Even space occupying lesions, for example tumors in the brain may cause abnormal patterns in the visual fields.
- [Optical Coherence Tomography](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/optical-coherence-tomography-information/): Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis is much like Ultra-Sound, except that it uses light instead of sound. This instrument is able to make 3-dimensional images of the Retina. The layers that make up the retina are easily visualized, the location of any abnormalities within the retina can then be identified. Eye conditions, for example Central Serous Retinopathy, Glaucoma may be diagnosed and monitored.
- [Glaucoma](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/glaucoma-information/): Glaucoma presents in many forms. Most common are open and closed angle Glaucoma. Intraocular Pressure (IOP) in excess of 21mmhg, is a sign that requires close monitoring. Observation of the optic nerves is a must during any eye examination as low IOP can also result in Glaucoma.
- [Wide Field Retinal Imaging](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/wide-field-retinal-imaging-information/): The Optos Daytona was designed to assist eye care professionals to diagnose and manage diseases of the retina. It produces a 200 degree image of the retina, wide enough to image almost all of the retina, without the need for dilation.

## Pages
- [Astigmatism](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/eye-conditions/astigmatism/): Astigmatism is the medical term for a type of refractive error that occurs when the cornea (the outer front surface of the eye) or the lens inside the eye is irregularly shaped or non-spherical. This common eye condition causes light rays to bend unevenly as they enter the eye, leading to blurred vision and difficulty seeing at night.
- [Eye Conditions](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/eye-conditions/): Learn about common eye conditions through our expert guides, covering their symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options to help you better understand your eye health.
- [Presbyopia (Age-Related Near Vision Loss)](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/eye-conditions/presbyopia/): Presbyopia is a common type of vision condition where your eyes lose the ability to focus on nearby objects. This happens because your eye’s natural lens becomes less flexible with age. The condition usually becomes noticeable around the age of 40 and may continue to worsen until your mid-60s. You may notice an increased difficulty when reading, and you may find yourself holding a book or phone at arm’s length to see the words clearly. Other symptoms may include headaches or eye strain. Presbyopia is part of the natural ageing process and can often be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.
- [Hyperopia (Farsightedness)](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/eye-conditions/hyperopia-farsightedness/): Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is an eye condition where you can see objects that are far away, but nearby objects appear blurry in contrast. Hyperopia may be present in both children and adults.
- [Ortho-K (Orthokeratology)](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/orthokeratology-ortho-k-night-lenses-singapore/): Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) involves the use of specially designed rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses to gently reshape the cornea. This non-invasive, non-surgical technique aims to correct near-sightedness, allowing you to enjoy clear vision without needing to wear eyeglasses or contact lenses during the day. Often referred to as night lenses in Singapore, Ortho-K lenses are worn overnight while you sleep. It is important to note that the effects are temporary, so the lenses must be worn regularly to maintain the vision correction.
- [Contact Lenses for Farsightedness (Hyperopia)](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/hyperopia-contact-lenses/): Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is an eye condition that makes it difficult to see objects at close distances. Living with this condition may be difficult, especially with daily activities such as reading a book or checking your phone. However, various solutions may help manage this condition, such as hyperopia contacts. Find out more about contact lenses for farsightedness below.
- [Myopia in Children](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/eye-conditions/childhood-myopia/): Myopia is an optical condition in which light is refracted in front of the retina instead of on it, causing distant objects to appear blurry. The condition occurs when the eye’s length changes for various reasons, shifting the focus in front of the retina. It is also common in many children in Singapore, with more than half developing myopia by age 12. The exact cause is still unknown, but it is believed that lifestyle changes, including spending more time indoors and higher use of screens, are contributing to higher myopia rates.
- [Presbyopia Glasses in Singapore](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/presbyopia-glasses/): Presbyopia is a condition that causes your eyes to lose their ability to focus on nearby objects. It is a common condition that arises with age, usually occurring around age 40. If you have difficulty reading your favourite novel or texts from friends or family, even with your prescription eyeglasses, it may be a sign of presbyopia.
- [Astigmatism Glasses](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/astigmatism-glasses/): Astigmatism is a condition where the eye’s cornea, or the lens in rarer cases, has an uneven curvature. This irregular slope causes light rays to be scattered unevenly, which may lead to blurry vision, poor night eyesight, and eye strain among other symptoms. If you have recently been diagnosed with astigmatism, learn all about astigmatism glasses in this guide.
- [Hyperopia (Farsightedness) Glasses](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/hyperopia-farsightedness-glasses/): Does you or a loved one find it challenging to see objects at a close distance, such as reading a book or checking your phone? If you are experiencing this, your optometrist may check your vision for hyperopia. Hyperopia or farsightedness is a condition that affects your ability to see objects at a close distance. How do farsightedness or hyperopia glasses help improve vision, and what lens options are available? Learn more in this guide.
- [Multifocal Contact Lens for Presbyopia](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/multifocal-contact-lens-for-presbyopia/): Presbyopia is the loss of clear close-up vision and is part of the natural ageing process. Often beginning around age 40, symptoms include blurry vision, headaches, and eye strain when trying to read something close-up. Many individuals with presbyopia may consider wearing multifocal contact lenses to help correct their vision, especially if they have more than one other refractive error. What are multifocal contact lenses, and what are the factors to consider when choosing them? Learn more in this guide.
- [Myopia (Nearsightedness) Eyeglasses](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/myopia-control-glasses/): Myopia control focuses on slowing myopia progression and can be achieved through various vision correction methods, including myopia control eyeglasses. These eyeglasses use different lens types to correct myopia by altering how light is refracted and focused as it passes through the lens to reach the retina. In contrast, conventional eyeglasses using single-vision lenses can correct myopia but are not suitable for myopia control, as they only correct for a single power and may require a new prescription as vision changes.
- [Astigmatism Contact Lenses](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/toric-contact-lenses-for-astigmatism/): Astigmatism is a common eye condition in Singapore that is usually present from birth. Having a small degree of astigmatism is normal, but it can be worsened by prolonged usage of digital devices during near-work activities such as reading or typing. This sustained close proximity to screens can strain our eyes, contributing to the development of myopia and astigmatism.
- [Home – Copy](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/home-copy/): PHILIP D IZAAC is a family of optometrists with years of experience and is perhaps one of the most respected and qualified eyecare practitioners in Singapore.
- [Myopia (Nearsightedness)](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/eye-conditions/myopia-nearsightedness/): Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a common vision condition where you have difficulty seeing distant objects or persons, while vision of nearby objects or persons is unaffected . Myopia can start from an early age and generally stabilises between the ages of 20 and 40.
- [HTML Sitemap](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/html-sitemap/): Sitemap Posts5 Essential Tests for Binocular Vision AssessmentA Guide To Finding The Best Optometrist in SingaporeDiabetic ScreeningGlaucomaGlaucoma Management in Singapore: Understanding, Causes, and ManagementHow Can Ortho-K Help Improve Astigmatism?How can you slow down the progression of myopia in children?How Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) Can Help Adults and Kids that has MyopiaHow to Properly Clean and Store Your Ortho-K Lenses?How to Read Your Eye PrescriptionOptical Coherence TomographyOrtho-K Lenses 101: Everything You Need to KnowOvernight Ortho-K vs. Traditional Contact Lenses: Which Vision Correction Option Is Right for You?RefractionTopographyVisual Field AnalysisWhat are Eye Floaters?What do you need to know about Cataracts?What is Conjunctivitis and is it Dangerous?What is Retinal Detachment?What You Can Expect After Wearing Overnight Ortho-K Contact LensesWhat's the difference between Nearsighted vs Farsighted?Wide Field Retinal ImagingPagesArticlesAstigmatism Contact LensesAstigmatism GlassesBinocular Vision AssessmentBook An AppointmentCerium Tinted Lenses For Irlens Syndrome And DyslexiaComprehensive Eye ScreeningContact Lenses for Farsightedness (Hyperopia)Contact UsDiabetic ScreeningDiagnostic InstrumentsEye ConditionsAstigmatismHyperopia (Farsightedness)Myopia (Nearsightedness)Myopia in ChildrenPresbyopia (Age-Related Near Vision Loss)Glaucoma ScreeningHomeHome - CopyHTML SitemapHyperopia (Farsightedness) GlassesMultifocal Contact Lens for PresbyopiaMyopia (Nearsightedness) EyeglassesMyopia ManagementOptical Coherent TomographOrtho-K (Orthokeratology)Presbyopia Glasses in SingaporeRefractionServicesContact Lens ServicesThe OptometristsThe PractiseTopographyVisual Field AnalysisWide Field Retinal ImagingDiagnostic InstrumentsAuto RefractometerMap produced by the Corneal TopographOptical Coherent Tomograph (OCT)PhoropterRetinal Camera (Fundus Camera)Slit Lamp BiomicroscopeThe Optos DaytonaTopographerVisual Field AnalyserThe OptometristsNeo Jia NingPhilip D Izaac
- [Comprehensive Eye Screening](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/comprehensive-eye-screening/): At Philip D Izaac , we are equipped to provide a comprehensive eye screening that will help assess your optical health and prevent ocular conditions that can impair your vision.
- [Myopia Management](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/myopia-management/): With a need for greater awareness of myopia management, many individuals do not see myopia as a significant concern; getting suitable eyeglasses or contact lenses is enough to help them get through the day. As myopia progresses, there is a high risk of irreversible changes to your eyes, including axial elongation, where your eye length slowly increases. As a result, you also run the risk of contracting various eye health complications like cataracts or glaucoma.
- [Articles](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/articles/): Articles
- [Book An Appointment](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/appointment/): We are happy that you've chosen us as your eye care provider! Simply fill in your details below and we'll get back to you soon.
- [Contact Us](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/contact-us/): 290 Orchard Road #18-02 Paragon Tower 1 Lobby F Singapore 238859
- [Cerium Tinted Lenses For Irlens Syndrome And Dyslexia](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/tinted-lenses-for-visual-stress/): Cerium precision tinted lenses are designed to reduce visual discomfort and perceptual distortion experienced by some people with visual stress. The selected tint may make text appear more stable and comfortable to read.
- [Contact Lens Services](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/services/contact-lens-services/): Contact lenses are listed by the Health Science Authority of Singapore as medical Devices. It is therefore only available on prescription by Optometrist and Medical practitioners. Every contact lens importer , must apply for a license to bring in contact lenses into the country. This ensures that contact lenses imported are of high quality and comply with safety standards.
- [Wide Field Retinal Imaging](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/wide-field-retinal-imaging/): The Optos Daytona was designed to assist eye care professionals to diagnose and manage diseases of the retina. It produces a 200 degree image of the retina, wide enough to image almost all of the retina, without the need for dilation.
- [Optical Coherent Tomograph](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/optical-coherent-tomograph/): Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis is much like Ultra-Sound, except that it uses light instead of sound This instrument is able to make 3-dimensional images of the Retina. The layers that make up the retina are easily visualized, the location of any abnormalities within the retina can then be identified. Eye conditions, for example Central Serous Retinopathy, Glaucoma may be diagnosed and monitored.
- [Visual Field Analysis](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/visual-field-analysis/): Visual Field testing is an important diagnostic tool in the assessment of the eye’s visual fields. A normal visual field as measured from the central fixation point is 90 degrees temporally, 50 degrees nasally, 50 degrees superiorly and 60 degrees inferiorly. Many eye conditions can cause a narrowing of the field of vision, examples are Retinitis Pigmentosa, Glaucoma, etc. Other conditions for example Macular degeneration will only affect central vision. Even space occupying lesions, for example tumors in the brain may cause abnormal patterns in the visual fields.
- [Diabetic Screening](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/diabetic-screening/): Uncontrolled Diabetes is a medical condition which can cause loss off vision through different stages of the disease. Evaluation off the Retina through Fundus imaging is an important tool in the screening process for the condition.
- [Glaucoma Screening](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/glaucoma-screening/): Glaucoma presents in many forms. Most common are open and closed angle Glaucoma. Intraocular Pressure (IOP) in excess of 21mmhg, is a sign that requires close monitoring. Observation of the optic nerves is a must during any eye examination as low IOP can also result in Glaucoma.
- [Refraction](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/refraction/): Eye refraction refers to how light rays refract as they pass through the eye to reach the retina. The light bends due to the properties of the eye’s lens and cornea, allowing the light to be precisely focused onto the retina to ensure clear vision. The light then reaches the light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors) of the retina, capturing the images and transmitting them via the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation.
- [Topography](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/topography/): The Topograph is today an indispensable tool in any Hi Tech Eye Clinic, dealing with state-of-the-art customised contact lens design.
- [Binocular Vision Assessment](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/binocular-vision-assessment/): Binocular Vision Evaluation is an important, but often neglected procedure.
- [Services](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/services/): Binocular Vision Assessment
- [Diagnostic Instruments](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/about/diagnostic-instruments/): The Optos Daytona
- [The Optometrists](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/about/the-optometrists/): The Optometrists
- [The Practise](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/about/the-practise/): At Philip D Izaac, you can expect professionalism in our service. With appointments being recommended, experienced staff who are also registered opticians welcome our patients to our practice. As you walk through our doors into the waiting lounge, have a cup of coffee on us while waiting to see an optometrist of your choice.
- [Home](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/): PHILIP D IZAAC is a family of optometrists with years of experience and is perhaps one of the most respected and qualified eyecare practitioners in Singapore.
- [My account](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/my-account/): Login Username or email address *Required Password *Required Remember me Log in Lost your password?
- [Shop](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/shop/)

## The Optometrists
- [Philip D Izaac](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/the_optometrists/philip-d-izaac/): Philip D Izaac. A qualified and well-respected optometrist with 40 years of experience in Vision care, started with a family business run by his father, who in himself left a legacy and a name well remembered by Singaporeans and Indonesians alike. Philip Izaac developed a keen interest in contact lenses in the early 80’s where hard & soft lenses were prescribed. Unlike today, fitting contact lenses required a learned skill as there were various issues to deal with in terms of oxygen supply to the cornea and contact lens solution allergies. Mr.Izaac through his passion strived on difficult cases and pursued it till success was achieved and patients were happy with the outcome.
- [Neo Jia Ning](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/the_optometrists/neo-jia-ning/): Jia Ning is a graduate optometrist from Singapore Polytechnic , she graduated with Diploma in Optometry (Merit) in 2019 and has been working with Philip D Izaac right upon graduation. In the practice she has seen patient with needs of wanting to know their prescription as their current vision just does not feel right and sometimes to the extend of getting eye fatigues and headaches, kids in need of controlling myopia progression and patients that wants to just come in for a routine eye examination to ensure that their eye health is in good condition.

## Diagnostic Instruments
- [The Optos Daytona](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/diagnostic_instrumen/the-optos-daytona/): The Optos is the latest Ophthalmic diagnostictechnology which enables the eye carepractitioner to visualize almost the entireretina without the need for dilating eye drops.
- [Optical Coherent Tomograph (OCT)](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/diagnostic_instrumen/optical-coherent-tomograph-oct/): This instrument helps in the diagnosis of many retinal conditions. Examples are Glaucoma, Macular Degeneration and Retinal Detachments.
- [Auto Refractometer](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/diagnostic_instrumen/auto-refractometer/): This is sometimes used, as a starting point. The prescription obtained from this instrument should not be used to order a pair of spectacles, although there are some exceptions to this rule.
- [Retinal Camera (Fundus Camera)](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/diagnostic_instrumen/retinal-camera-fundus-camera/): This instrument takes a picture of the retina.
- [Phoropter](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/diagnostic_instrumen/phoropter/): This instrument is used to provide our patients with a comfortable testing environment as well as helping to accurately determine your visual status. Trial frames are heavy and uncomfortable.
- [Slit Lamp Biomicroscope](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/diagnostic_instrumen/slit-lamp-biomicroscope/): This microscope is specially adapted to observe the Cornea and other structures of the eye. It is used to check the cornea before contact lenses are prescribed to ensure that they are no contraindications to contact lens use. It is also used to check your cornea after contact lens use to ensure that the eyes are free from any contact lens complications. It is therefore important that you visit your contact lens practitioner at least every six months for after care visits.
- [Visual Field Analyser](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/diagnostic_instrumen/visual-field-analyser/): This instrument is used to check your peripheral vision. During a vision test, only your straight ahead vision is tested. If an abnormal results is seen, further investigations must be carried out to determine the course. Many conditions will produce abnormal results, eg: Glaucoma (only affects peripheral vision in its early stages, leaving normal central vision), Brain Tumors, etc.
- [Topographer](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/diagnostic_instrumen/topographer/): This is an essential tool for the practice of Orthokeratology and to produce custom made Gas Permeable Contact lenses for abnormally shaped corneas. The instrument produces a plot of your cornea describing the shape of your cornea extremely accurately. It is now possible to match the back curve of the contact lens to that of your cornea producing a lens of optimumt, with the Topograph, Special software and an elaborate manufacturing process. This instrument will also pick up abnormally shaped corneas. Example – Keratoconus
- [Map produced by the Corneal Topograph](https://philip-d-izaac.com.sg/diagnostic_instrumen/map-produced-by-the-corneal-topograph/): The area coloured in red is steep and buldges out while the blue area is at. This condition is called Keratoconus. Vision will be distorted and reduced. Unfortunately, spectacle lenses or soft contact lenses will not clear the distortion. However, Rigid Gas Pearmeable lenses will.